Today, the extensive study of Magtymguly, preparation for printing and publishing goes back to the middle of the 19th century. The first work on the poet was the English translation of Magtymguly’s three poems published in 1842 in London by Alexander Hodzko-Boreiko, a Polish scientist who was a Russian diplomat. [2, c. 97]

Then, in the second volume of the three-volume book “Turkish Chrestomathies” by Ilya Nikolayevich Berezin, a professor of Kazan and St. Petersburg universities, Magtymguly gives a poem in the original (in Arabic writing in Turkmen). [2, c. 97]

In 1872, F. Bakulin published a work called “Turkmen songs and their poet Magtymguly” in Tiblisi, consisting of a little information about the poet and a Russian translation of two of his poems. [2, c. 98]

One of the most famous works that provides information about Magtymguly is the Hungarian Orientalist and Turkologist Armeniy Vamberi, who has collected all his experiences in Turkestan, especially the Turkmen land as a dervish, in his book “Central Asia Travel”. The Scholar published about 40 poems of Magtymguly. He published thirty-one of them in 1879 in Leipzig in Turkmen and German languages. In his work entitled “Turkmen language and Magtymguly’s poem collections” which is included in the collection of the German Eastern Society, he placed some parts from ten poems of the poet. [2, c. 98]

In 1907, Russian orientalist N.A. Ostroumov published several poems of the poet in the “Turkestan local newspaper” in Tashkent. Then in 1911 he published it as a separate booklet. After N.A. Ostroumov, Mirzakhyt Mirsydyk’s son also publishes the book “Thirty-two tribes’ story and Magtymguly” in Tashkent in 1911. In 1912, Abdyrahman Nyazy published a collection of poems consisting of forty-five poems by Magtymguly in Astrakhan. [2, c. 98]

Russian orientalist Aleksandr Nikolayevich Samoylovich is considered one of the first Magtymgulists as a scientist who has done more work related to Magtymguly’s creativity. The scientist who traveled to Turkmenistan in 1902, 1907 and 1908 brought a total of 197 poems of the poet to the public. A.N.Samoylovich also wrote several articles about Magtymguly and widely introduced his literary personality to the scientific community.[2, c. 98]

Also, the lithographs of Magtymguly Pyragy’s divan published by Arif Janov in Tashkent (1910), by Gurbanberdi Gurgeni in Bukhara (1912-19130), and by Sheikh Muhsin Fani in Istanbul (1921) play a very important role in spreading the poet’s legacy. [2, c. 100]

The first edition of Magtymguly’s poems published in Ashgabat in 1926, prepared for publication by Berdi Kerbabaev, a folk writer of Turkmenistan, is also of particular importance. [3, c. 5]

Baimuhammet Garryev, Akhundov Gurgenli, Zuleyha Muhammedova, Mati Kosayev can be mentioned as the first Turkmen scientists who worked extensively on the study of Magtymguly’s period, life, personality and creativity. [2, c. 99]

In conclusion, Magtymguly Pyragy is one of the great thinkers who left an indelible mark on Eastern literature and whose name is written in golden letters in the world of poetry. He is a thinker and poet who developed the philosophical ideas not only of the Turkmen people, but also of the world, enlightened the artistic mind, and artistically reflected the secular life. We are not wrong to call him the ruler who wears the crown of the world of poetry.

Great efforts are being carried out by Turkmen scientists to scientifically analyze the poetic treasure of the classical poet of the Turkmen people, Magtymguly Pyragy, and reveal its philosophical foundations. Today, the great thinker’s poems are widely studied, and his rich meaning is conveyed to the public through newspapers, magazines, television and radio stations. In particular, the advices and exhortations of our wise poet in the 18th century have become a great life school for our youth today.

The study of the works of Magtymguly, the great poet of our people, attracts the attention of the world scientific community even in our time. In history, many other world scientists, such as A. Vamberi, A. Samoylovich, Y. Bertels, highly appreciated Magtymguly Pyragy’s poems of wisdom and left many writings as a legacy. Similarly, the poet’s poems were translated into many languages and became available to the world readers. There is probably no Turkmen bagshy who has not sung Magtymguly’s poem.

In his wonderful poems, Magtymguly Pyragy wrote about uniting the Turkmen people, achieving the unity of the people, protecting and loving the Motherland, developing friendly and brotherly relations between people, fighting for justice, morality that decorates a person, humanism, satisfaction, not to be angry, not to harm a person, decency, generosity, courage…

Patriotic poet Magtymguly’s poems about heroism, country, unity, and unity occupy one of the most prominent places in his creativity. These poems are also very important in educating the young generation in the spirit of patriotism.

As our Hero Arkadag emphasized, one of Magtymguly Pyragy’s greatest services to the Turkmen people is his efforts for unity. History proved that the bright hopes and ideas of the great poet and thinker who dreamed of creating a stable state were true.

Magtymguly, who lived in a very complicated time, was closely aware of all the shortcomings and bad events of his time, he strongly condemned them, considered their prevention as the main task of his time, and called on the Turkmens to unite and form a state:

“Türkmenler baglasa bir ýere bili,

Gurudar Gulzumy, derýaýy-Nili.

Teke, ýomut, gökleň, ýazyr, alili,

Bir döwlete gulluk etsek bäşimiz.” [3, p. 17]

The great thinker Magtymguly Pyragy is a poet who praised the existence of a strong Turkmen state, a tough period and a happy life in his work.

“Pyragy, yşka ugraşdym,

Derýa girdim, möwje düşdüm,

Hor galmasyn puştdan-puşdum,

Berkarar döwlet islärin” [2, p. 40]

You realize that his lines are true today. This is a clear proof that the poet’s humanist ideas have become a reality of life.

Magtymguly left behind his holy ideals, his great school, and clear principles, which will live forever in the souls of future generations of his people. He also tries to make the most of all opportunities. Believing that everything should start with himself first, and the main support is his people, but a united people, he addresses his people as follows:

“Bir-birini çapmak ermes ärlikden,

Bu iş şeýtanydyr, belki, körlükden,

Agzalalyk aýrar ili dirlikden,

Munda döwlet dönüp, duşmana gelgeý.” [2, p. 174]

In this direction he strives to build an independent and free state, which is the only guarantee of freedom and human existence, can become a reality only with unity. He addresses his people and says, inspires and motivates them:

“Göwünler, ýürekler bir bolup başlar,

Tartsa ýygyn, erär topraklar-daşlar,

Bir suprada taýýar kylynsa aşlar,

Göteriler ol ykbaly türkmeniň.” [4, 15-16]

Magtymguly is a poet who loved his country with all his heart. In his poems, he constantly emphasizes that all power and prestige depend on the service he gives to his country and the value he places on it. He looks at the solution of any problem from the point of view of the people and promotes the interests of the country. The poems of the poet, who tried to firmly impress upon the reader that true humanity is connected with the country, the devotion to it, love. In the poet’s poem “Ili gözlär”:

“Ilinden aýra düşen –

Ah urar, ili gözlär.

Ýolundan aýra düşen –

Jäht edip, ýoly gözlär” [4, p. 252]

as can be seen from the lines, a person cannot imagine his life apart from his country.

Poems of the poet, who is not far from the people’s life, are very clear and pleasant for the whole public. That is why Magtymguly’s poems are read with great interest by every Turkmen family. Because the poet’s poems are a valuable guide to educate the generations in the national spirit. Magtymguly preaches noble virtues such as honouring the elder and respecting the younger. Poems of the poet encourage to be professional and love hard work. The poet’s poems preach the principles of learning a profession, being educated, and helping people. Attributes such as respecting one’s elders, honouring them, and honouring one’s parents are bequeathed. By saying “the best of manners, slap the elder”, politeness and respect are preached. In the work of Magtymguly, the issue of education and science is strongly emphasized. A wise poet spares no effort and inspiration to educate intelligent and literate people. The fact that Magtymguly passed the school of Dovletmammamet Azadi clearly testifies to his skillful use of the wealth of the folk language and the creation of a national spiritual hero.

Magtymguly Pyragy came to the conclusion that it is possible to eliminate defects in social relations by educating people with good behaviour and moral qualities. That is why he spoke about all the good qualities that adorn a person, make him a real person, and enhance his dignity. He wanted good behaviour and moral qualities in his contemporaries and future generations.

Magtymguly’s patriotism is exemplary, and the literary legacy he left behind is a well-established, pure source. He was a passionate poet who glorified the country, and as a skillful educator, he took a great place in the hearts of the younger generation. This shows that the services of our great classical poet to the Turkmen people are very great.

Magtymguly was the greatest and most famous thinker of artistic, philosophical, political and social ideas of human history. The breadth of the issues he focuses on is impressive, and he brings his innovative solutions to all of these issues and expresses them in his poems.

The problems expressed by Magtymguly can be divided into three big groups: 1. General philosophical problems; 2. Natural philosophical issues; 3. Social issues.

A leading humanist scholar, Magtymguly creates a new literary school in the world of his poetry and puts forward valuable political-social, philosophical, humanist, moral, ethical views, ideas about the unity of the people. He cares about the freedom, liberty and well-being of the Turkmen people.

Another valuable aspect of Magtymguly’s poetry, the great master of Eastern poetry in the second half of the 18th century, who continued the work of other great poets whose roots go back to the previous historical periods, is that the poet is able to understand the hidden secrets, the complex rules of society and human life. [1, p. 116-117]

Magtymguly was born into a scholarly family in Hajigowshan, located in the south-western part of Turkmenistan, along the Etrek River. Here he spends most of his life. His father Dovletmammamet Azadi was a well-educated man and a prominent poet of his time. From young ages, Magtymguly began to learn manners, science and education from his father. Then he studied at a village school under the guidance of a mullah named Niyaz Salih. Magtymguly had been eager for work since he was young. He helped his parents closely with household chores. When he reached puberty, he began to practice silversmithing. He later became a master jeweler of his time. Dovlemammet Azadi made every effort to provide higher science and education to his son Magtymguly in accordance with the demands of the times.

According to Magtymguly’s worldview, man is connected with nature.

Together with many other peoples of the East, the Turkmen people are making every effort to gain freedom, independence, and build a state. Turkmen khans, and elders were looking for ways to implement this task, holding talks with neighboring countries, and the Magtymguly family was no exception. Azadi and Magtymguly were father and son, and they participated in all the important activities of the country.

Unlike animals that act on their own free will, a person is able to think, create, and have understanding of certain things based on his mind. Public opinion is made up of people’s perceptions. A person should create goodness and beauty and stay away from harmful and negative actions.

The great poet and thinker expresses in his poems the need for material values in human life and his attitude towards them. Magtymguly believed deeply in people’s ability to perceive good and evil and placed great importance on education and the influence of moral education. That is why he was calling to act in the interest of the people. He widely preached his humanitarian principles.

The poet valued hard work and considered it as a source of peaceful life and wealth. The poet considered hard work to be one of the noblest virtues of man, and considered it one of the main sources of glory and pride. According to Magtymguly, man is a product of the environment. He believed that his character and psychology were nurtured in society. Therefore, according to Magtymguly, with the improvement of the environment, human psychology is also improved, and on the basis of this situation, the society is improved.

Magtymguly was a supporter of a literate, intelligent monarchy. He suggested Alexander the Great as a model of such a literate, intelligent monarch. The great poet gave a vivid and artistic image of the classical state, and also created an image of an educated, fair ruler who consistently implements the principles of justice for the happiness of the people. In such a society, where the principle of friendship rules, there is no enmity between nations. Magtymguly talks about the punishment of Almighty in the last resurrection on people who break the foundation of justice.

The great poet opposes the destructive and murderous war, therefore he advocates a just war against foreign invaders for the freedom of the country.

The society dreamed by Magtymguly is a society where people’s dreams will come true. The great poet and thinker firmly believes in this and expresses in his poems the idea that he will live in a beautiful society and a beautiful country.

Magtymguly is proud of the glorious history and heroic achievements of his ancestors. He dreamed of the flourishing of language, science, and philosophy, and always fought for it. The poet always called on the Turkmen tribes to fight against foreign invaders to protect their homeland. At the same time, he was not indifferent to the fate of other nations, he fought for their rights, freedom, and spiritual wealth. In this he was a true humanist. Thus, patriotism and humanism in Magtymguly’s thought are inextricably linked.

The great poet and sage believed that only a person who truly opposes and fights evil can truly be called a “man” and that good is eternal and can always prevail. Magtymguly hoped that wisdom and justice would prevail.

An advanced man of his time and a great son of his people, Magtymguly was many years ahead of his time in many issues of social thought. In the struggle for social development, he believed that everything should be aimed at satisfying people and creating comfortable living conditions for them. He believed that man is the expression of God.

In the second half of the 18th century, Magtymguly’s works reached the highest level of the development of artistic, scientific, social andphilosophical ideas of Turkmen people. An important and distinctive feature of the poet’s worldview is the desire to confirm human goodness and happiness on earth. Philosophical and sociological views of the great poet and thinker are the prime examples of his comprehensive, encyclopedic thoughts.

Vamberi, a Hungarian traveler who visited Turkmenistan in the 19th century, emphasizes that Magtymguly read all the books and understood all the sciences of the world. [2, p. 279].

In the world where people live, work and create, everything is unique and beautiful. In that world there are brave men, beautiful women and beautiful music. The poet enjoys these beauties and harmony of nature. These things inspire poetry. The world of thoughts of the wise poet Magtymguly Pyragy is endless. Everything that happens in the world interests the poet, makes him think, gives spiritual pleasure. The main thing is that this great poet has great love for his countryand life.

The ideal society of the Turkmen people is the ideal society dreamed of by a thinker. Today, under the support of the Honorable President, our people are fortunate to live in such a society.

Magtymguly Pyragy’s creativity reached the highest level in the development of Turkmen classical literature with its rich meaning and artistry. His poems have not lost their popularity to this day. The greatness of the literary legacy of the wise poet comes alive before our eyes and resounds with new enthusiasm in our time.

Magtymguly studied at the prestigious religious madrassas of his time, and fell in love with continuing his studies again. The tears of his brothers and Chowdur Khan, and the descendant of Mengli Gyz cheered him. He “drowned in the river of thought” [3, p. 474], was looking for way out. In such situations, father and son looked at each other thoughtfully, talked without words, understood each other and remained silent.

The poems dedicated to his grandfather by Magtymguly Pyragy, which have come down to our days, such as “Atamyň”[3], “Azadym kany?”[3], “Oglum-Azadym”[3] belong to the quality of poems that reveal the great poet’s love for his father.

In Magtymguly Pyragy’s poetry, the love for life, loved ones, heroic true men, women, education, science remains on the wave bed like a deep river flowing into the ocean. To the poet’s loved ones, especially to his “faith” [3, p. 727] his love for his father is unconditional. That love was the very essence of the miraculous love given to man.

He cannot imagine his life without his father. In the poem “Bu derdi” the poet says:

Bu ölmek, aýrylmak galypdyr öňden,

Peder bize miras goýmuş bu derdi[3, p. 528]

He referred to him in his elegy “Azadym kany?”: “Gözümniň nurany”, “Şährimniň soltany”, “Köňlümniň ummany”, “Münberim azany”, “Ilimniň zybany”, “Ýüregim arany”, “Öli-diri döwranyny”, “Gökleňiň pälwany”, “Bagymyň reýhany”, “Sahyplar Kurany”.

As seen in the poem, Father is the angel in his life for Pyragy. He can’t imagine his life without him. Azadi lives forever in the hearts of not only Magtymguly, the disciple of the disciples, but also for the entire Turkmen, as well as for the mankind.

Dovletmammet Azadi is a great master of words, a philosopher, a teacher of all times and nations. The father of Magtymguly Pyragy, the bright star of the world of poetry, the light of his eyes, his mind, his faith. Dovletmammet Azadi is the master, teacher, and guide of Magtymguly Pyragy, the King of Poetry. And Magtymguly is an unrepeatable student who grew up in such a noble family, was brought up.

In addition to being a teacher of students like Magtymguly, Dovletmammet Azadi wrote famous philosophical treatises such as “Wagzy-azat” [2] under the pseudonym “Azadi”, religious moral works such as ” Behiştnama”, “Muhteser”, ” Hekaýati jabyr Ensary”, and dozens of poems. He is a great wordsmith who has left a legacy for generations. Among these works, the book “Wagzy-azat”[2] has great educational value.

The author of “Wagzy-azat” considers it the meaning of his whole life. This book is a philosophical work that includes the great “master’s” views on man, human status, state and state structure, nature, moral categories, education, parent-children relations, science and learning.

Parents are sacred for every human being. It would be hard to find a creature named human who would deny this. But for Magtymguly Pyragy, he is an angel, an exemplary person, and what else should be balanced is eternity, greatness.

There is information that Dovletmammet Mullah educated some students in the villages. Not only village boys, but also people from nearby villages and even distant ones came to study in his madrasa. As Magtymguly Pyragy points out in his poem:

“Doga kylsam, jebri-jepam ekserdir,

Ylym öwreden ussat-kyblam pederdir”[3, p. 778]

People’s Poet of Turkmenistan Atamyrat Atabaev, who artistically translated “Wagzy-azat” into the modern language: “Generally, in Magtymguly’s poetry, the dignity and honour of his father is raised to the throne. He sees Azadi not only as a father who gave birth, but as a powerful master “[2,2].

Dovletmammet was a teacher in the village. The main medium that raised him to the level of mastery was the poetic word that spoke the truth. Dovlet Mullah attached great importance to the importance of every word.

Dovlet Mullah foresaw a great and bright future in his son. At first, he educated him himself, then handed it over to Niyaz Salih mullah. Outside of school, Magtymguly continued his father’s profession as a carpenter, and also practiced jewelry.

Magtymguly was educated at “Idrisbaba” in Gyzylayak village and “Gögeldaş” madrasas in Bukhara. Later, Magtymguly received the fundamental education of that time at the “Shirgazy” madrasa in Khiva.

Magtymguly gets acquainted with the works and books of the great scientists and poets of the East and expands his worldview. Dovletmammet Molla played a very important role in Magtymguly entering the world of science and becoming a poet.

In the poem “Atam” the role of Dovletmammet Mullah in the life of Magtymguly is emphasized. Just like how important the son is to the father, the role and importance of the father in his life to the son is revealed in its fullness. The content of the poem is that Doletmammet Mullah lived a life without striving for wealth and fortune, that life in this world is given as a test, and in that test world, one should live by giving correct and fair answers to the problems that arise, that one should build one’s end, i.e., the heavenly place during one’s time in this world, with one’s own sincerity and character, reveals that the world is not eternal and so on. The way he promoted was the way of Islam and conscience. He fasted, laboured during the day and night, studied, made products for the family’s expenses: plowed the land, sowed wheat, got the harvest. He continued the path of prophets and guardians. When Magtymguly portrayed his father as an angel, he explained that he did not commit any sins, he only did good deeds, and he was busy with good deeds. In the last verse of the poem:

Magtymguly, gizlin syryň bar içde,

Kämil tapsaň, kyl gullugyn serişde,

Magşar güni gaýgysyz girer behişde,-

Her kim çyndan bolsa dosty atamyň.[3, p. 376].

Magtymguly Pyragy understands his father and agrees with his ideas. However, he would never be able to travel without his white permission. Such a relationship originates from the morality, upbringing, and tradition established in the family of the noble father. Therefore, it is a common situation in this traditional family that father and son can listen to each other throughout the content of this proverbial poem and come to a certain conclusion. This topic of education is treated as a special chapter in the book “Wagzy-azat”.

In general, as can be seen from the poet’s above-mentioned poems, Magtymguly Pyragy conveys the noble image of his father through his lines. In these poems alone, the noble Father is depicted as a light of diamond.