PECULARITIES OF VERBS AND WORD-COMBINATIONS OF NEUTRAL SEMANTICS

Ustinova Ludmila Petrovna
Kazan National Reseach Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Branch Naberezhniye Chelny

Abstract
German and Russian verbs and word combinations with the meaning of answer are represented in every communication register and represent different reaction of the Patient to a statement. In the paper the groups of verbs and word-combinations of neutral semantics are found, their functional-semantic features are analyzed, the analysis is supported by the statistical data.

Keywords: neutral semantics, verbs with the meaning of answer, word combinations


Category: Philology

Article reference:
Pecularities of verbs and word-combinations of neutral semantics // Humanities scientific researches. 2016. № 8 [Electronic journal]. URL: https://human.snauka.ru/en/2016/08/15849

View this article in Russian

It is commonly known that getting information is performed in many different ways, including questions, requests, imperative sentences and is followed by a different reaction of the Patient.  The paper is an attempt to consider verbs and word combinations of the neutral semantics.

According to A.Wierzbicka [Wierzbicka, 1985: 262] the feature of the answer is in its particular semantic structure, which differs radically from the structure of the declarative sentence. E.V. Paducheva describes direct and indirect, complete and  incomplete answers as well as the answers observing and not observing the subject area of the question, informative and non-informative ones [Е.В.Падучева, 1985: 234].

The verbs with the meaning of question and answer can be used simultaneously in the speech of the Agent, who tries to inform the Patient and to bring into focus the most important information, for example: Спросишь: кто писал? Отвечаю: дед, или отец, или брат. Солотчинцы были когда-то знаменитыми богомазами [К.Паустовский: 105].

It is significant that in the communication process the answer-verbs are used mainly as descriptive ones, reflecting the reaction of the Patient to the speech of the Agent and characterizing the speech of both participants.

Verbs and word combinations of the neutral semantics make a numerous group, reflecting different reaction of the Patient, among them are: 1) verbs with the meaning of agreement: bejahen, zustimmen, zugeben, einwilligen; соглашаться, уступать, признавать,  соглашаться, подтверждать; 2) verbs, representing a refusal, including: verneinen, erwidern,  widersprechen, protestieren, absagen, ablehnen, versagen, abschwören, abwehren, streiten, resignieren, verzichten; возражать, противоречить, протестовать, отказываться, отрекаться, прекословить, спорить; 3) verbs and word combinations, semantics of which characterizes the Content, namely numerous questions: beantworten, отвечать на вопросы (давать ответы).

According to the statistical data, obtained on the bases of 6000 examples, the absolute dominants are the verbs antworten, used in  68% of cases, and the verb отвечать, that makes 64% of all cases. The verb  erwidern makes 12%, zugeben – 5,8%,  einwerfen – 3,6%,  stammeln – 2,1%, zustimmen – 1,4%, the rest verbs make less than  1%. The most used Russian verbs are: подтверждать – 9 %, возражать – 8 %, одобрять – 3 %, настаивать – 2 % обнадеживать – 2 %, while the other verbs make 12% of using in general.

The verbs of the neutral semantics with the meaning of agreement that are acceptable in any communication register are: zustimmen, zugeben, einwilligen; соглашаться,  признавать, например: Ich hatte ihn gebeten, und er willigte ein, weil ich bereit war, dafür auf die mir zugestehenden Unterhaltszahlungen für seinen Sohn zu verzichten [C.Heinе: 66]; «Stimmt,» gab ich zu. «Immerhin» [E.-M.Remarque: 37]; Auch seine Mutter hätte das zugeben müssen [J.Langer: 23]; Meist stimme ich  ihr zu [J.Langer: 218]; Д.Губерниев: Да, я болельщик, признаю это [sports.ru].

The verbs erwidern, widersprechen, protestieren, absagen, ablehnen, versagen, abschwören, abwehren, streiten, resignieren, verzichten; возражать, противоречить, протестовать, отказываться, отрекаться, прекословить, спорить represent mostly a negative reaction of the Patient, for example: Patrice Hollman protestierte [E.-M. Remarque: 84]; Я робко возразил – не надо бы в Крым-то [В.Астафьев: 575]. The statistical data show that verbs entgegnen, erwidern; отвечать, возражать are associated with the negative answer or disagreement of the Patient in 70% of cases.

The particularity of the German verb ablehnen unlike the Russian verb отклонять is reflected in conveying a refusal, expressed in a  verbal and non-verbal ways: though facial expression, gestures or actions: Constance lehnte mit höflichem Augenaufschlag ab: Gehe ich aus, antwortete sie, dann mit den Kindern oder allein [J.Langer: 156].

The numerous questions refer to the German verbs beantworten in common with antworten and the Russian verbs отвечать, давать ответы: An diesem Abend beantworteten die beiden Frauen den Test quasi öffentlich [J.Langer: 179]. Левашов отвечает на вопросы читателей [pravmir.ru].

In conclusion, within the microsystem of the verbs of neutral semantics acceptable in any communication register there are verbs and word combinations, representing a positive answer, verbs with the meaning of the negative reaction as well as  verbs that characterize the Content.


References
  1. Wierzbicka A. Acts of speech// New in foreign linguistics. Vol. XVI. M.: Progress,1985. 500C.
  2. Падучева Е.В. Высказывание и его соотнесенность с действительностью. М.: Наука, 1985. 271с.


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