The national character of proverbs and sayings is revealed more clearly when comparing different languages.  As it is known, the Italian people and the Turkmen nation are peoples who live in different social and natural conditions and have different history, religion, customs and consciousness.  As it is already known, wisdom and spirit of the people are reflected in their proverbs and proverbs.  On that basis, knowing the proverbs of the ancestors, which are the tales of that or other people, allows not only to better learn the language of that people, but also to understand the character and thinking characteristics of the people.

This quote is a concise and clear result of a great deal of experience.  Proverbs and sayings have been «walking» with people since ancient times.  Their clear rhyming, simple shape, and short form, the artistic means used in their composition made them stable, quickly memorized, and often used in conversation.  Proverbs and sayings, being a part of the culture of a certain people, will always keep their importance and still do.  The fact that proverbs and sayings contain and draw attention to the characteristics characteristic of a certain people at any time remains an important objective.  Proverbs and sayings are considered a treasure trove of information that reflects the linguistic wealth of the Italian and Turkmen people, their life, history, beliefs, customs and traditions like a mirror.

An allusion is a short, often condensed thought that takes the form of a complete sentence and conveys a definite idea.  The word ancestors is a vague idea that defines any life situation.  Unlike proverbs, sayings do not have a direct meaning of wisdom, admonishment, and any situation is limited to an imaginary representation of life.  Proverbs and sayings are very valuable information in the study of people’s historical events, ethnography, life and outlook.  Because learning any foreign language, proverbs, which are one of the artistic means that reveal the culture and life characteristics of that people,  and they can help. Continuing the noble traditions of his ancestors, the book called «Source of wisdom» which was gifted to our people by our Heroic Arkadag is a collection of ancient wisdom and wisdom.  The translation of the Turkmen proverbs included in this book into a foreign language, more specifically the translation of the book «Source of wisdom» into Italian, will strengthen the Turkmen-Italian friendly relations, and Italian readers will be able to get acquainted with this wonderful literary work of our learned friend.  This book has great educational and intellectual value and is especially valuable for young people.  It attracts the attention of the people with whom our common future is concerned and promotes the preservation and growth of our noble origins and our priceless heritage.  Also, the nature, geographical, climate, ecological characteristics, historical development of the people, religion and others have a great influence on the formation, improvement and development of the culture, traditions, and language of any people.  In this regard, our scholar writes in the book «Source of wisdom» of our Heroic Arkadag: «Since ancient times, the Turkmen land has been a captivating force with its beautiful nature, friendly, respectful and harmonious people, sweet music, life-giving and humanitarian rituals, and lively wedding celebrations  – is a country of miracles».

As with the Turkmen people, the Italian people always adjust their actions and behavior according to other people’s expectations.  Even in their own home, they do not feel safe.  In the family, Italian people talk to each other very politely.  Children owe it to their parents and adults to be polite.  In order to understand the home and family relations in Italian culture, that is, the smallest «self» and the smallest «group», it is necessary to study the traditions they have developed over the centuries.  In Italian proverbs, the mutual responsibilities and relationships of parents and children are revealed with clarity.  In the mind of Italians, the concepts of home and family are defined by concepts that are imperishable and eternal.  For example, «Uscendo dalla porta di casa, l’uomo incontra sette nemici», that is, «Leaving the door of the house, a man meets seven enemies».  Another example is «Anche se sei povero e hai bisogna di aiuto, non c’è posto migliore della tua casa» («There is no better place than your own home, even if you are poor and needy»).  In this example, the word «house» is used to mean «family».  This proverb is similar to the Turkmen saying «I will not sleep with my legs stretched out if I am poor…»  Or the proverb «I bambini sono il reflexso dei loro genitori» («Children are the reflection of their parents»), the proverb «See the mother – take the daughter, see the side – tell us» in the Turkmen language, shows the commonality of the two peoples on this issue.  Reveals  In another example, «Se guardi un bambino, conoscerai i suoi genitori», («Look at a child, you will know its parents»), that is, children are similar to their parents not only in terms of their religious beliefs, but also in the upbringing they receive from them.  Its version in the Turkmen language is said to be «Fathers do not die, they live in their children.»  In these examples, it is clear that «own» child and «own» parents are very close to each other in every way.  In Italy, there are many stories about children becoming like their parents.  For example, «Un bambino che non assomiglia a suo padre è il diavolo», that is («The child who does not look like his parents is the devil») or «Le mandorle non crescono nel tempo dei meloni», that is («The melon crop does not grow almonds»).  , these proverbs can be translated as « Come sono i genitori , così sono i bambini « , that is « As the parents are, so are the children « .  Turkmen proverbs «Boy, father, daughter – mother», «What you sow, so shall you reap», «A wolf’s cub will be a wolf» clearly reveal the relationship between parents and children, and they are synonymous with the above Japanese proverbs.  In the Italian proverb «Madre è terra, padre è cielo» («Father Heaven, Mother Earth»), a clear border is drawn between parents.  There are also such borders in Turkmen. For example, «My mother is Kabam, my father is Qiblam», «My father is pleased with God. My mother is pleased with the prophet.»  «Father is a treasure». As can be seen from the proverbs, in the Turkmen and Italian peoples, the spiritual world of a person, a person is a contribution to the urn. The concepts of parents and children, which form the basis of the 11 values ​​of treasure-treasure, are very closely connected, and the continuity of generations is not broken.  It is clear that honor, respect, discipline starts from the family. Despite the fact that there are national characteristics, and uniqueness that are unique to each nation, there are also commonalities. Even if a person is cowardly and appears to be brave on the outside, he is considered worthy of great respect in the minds of Italians.  Setting a goal in front of a person (for example, to be brave), in order to achieve that goal, he tries to match his outer appearance with his inner world. For an Italian, «outer appearance» is considered morally perfect.  Shame for what he has done creates counter-moral sentiments in Italians  it is  The above-mentioned qualities and emotions characteristic of Italians are necessary for them to fulfill their duties before society and between people, to have an honorable name and glory, and a great dignity.  The Italian people have managed to turn even silence into a great art.  The meaning of this tradition5 is translated into proverbs through simple lines:

Parola d’argento, silenzio d’oro («words are silver, silence is gold»);

Non c’è nulla di male nel silenzio – («there is no harm in silence»);

Ascolta due volte, di una volta- «listen twice, say once».

The Turkmen people are distinguished by their eloquence and the tradition of local speech.  The following proverbs fully testify that this is so:

Language is a problem, teeth are a fortress;

A tongue will bring honey, a tongue will bring trouble;

The day of bad language is also bad;

He will kill himself if he keeps his tongue.

In the culture, traditions, etc. of the Turkmen and Italian peoples  along with unique features, commonalities were also found.  These commonalities are revealed through proverbs and sayings of nations.  Diligence, the pursuit of harmony in life, simplicity and custom – the unwritten law.  Self-restraint, feeling and fulfilling one’s duty, respecting the elders, living in a group, love for nature, patriotism – these human values ​​reveal the characteristics of the national character of the Italian and Turkmen people.

In every word, thought and verse of Magtymguly lies the heartbeat of the Turkmen – pure feelings, dreams, deeds and other wonders. All of them are miracles of the heart and mind, passed down from generation to generation.

During the Revival of the New Epoch of the Powerful State, the creative work of our lyricist Magtymguly Pyragy, which is equivalent to “Jemshid’s Mosque”, is not only a special event in the centuries-long history of the rich literary heritage of the poetic and imperial Turkmen people, one of the ancient peoples of the Near and Middle East, it is also a unique phenomenon of the entire East.

Magtymguly Pyragy, an outstanding representative of the classical literature of the Turkmen people, has been glorifying the name of the Turkmen people for almost three hundred years. Magtymguly poetically describes all the problems of secular life, which developed the philosophical views and artistic mind of not only the Turkmen people, but also world thinkers.

As our Hero Arkadag noted: “Magtymguly’s creativity today gives spiritual pleasure not only to the Turkmen people, but to the whole of humanity. At the same time, the creativity of the poet is the creativity that solves the problems related to life. It is for this reason that his wonderful poems, which are songs, resonate in languages, are sensible and are absorbed, have been translated into dozens of languages of the world” [1, p. 6].

The healthy thoughts expressed in Magtymguly Pyragy’s wonderful poems are a guide not only for the future of the Turkmen people, but also for the life and spiritual needs of all mankind. The value of the world of the poet’s poetry has gone beyond the national boundaries and has become the cultural value of world literature and the treasure of human wisdom. It is for this reason that the great poet’s wonderful poems have been translated into many languages of the world.

In order for the great writers-poets of any nation to become famous in the world, the first task falls on the translator, who is the “twin” or “servant” of the author, to convey their works to the languages of different peoples of the world with their sweetness and originality. Also, in this work, a very important task belongs to the scientific community of the people who formed the writer-poet in their hearth, as well as translator specialists. This is the case with the great thinker Magtymguly Pyragy and his brilliant poems. To translate the poems of the great sage as perfectly as possible, to convey to the peoples of the world, without destroying the original words, the precious coral poems that make up his literary heritage, with their delicious flavor, in our time when Magtymguly Pyragy’s literature is devoted to the past history and the national heroes who have left a permanent mark on history. It is considered an important task for scientists and national specialists who deal with the heritage and study its creativity.

During the period of Independence, Magtymguly’s works were republished among the people not only within the territory of his Motherland, but also on the basis of the manuscripts found and studied by scientists in foreign countries.

Translations of Magtymguly Pyragy’s works into many languages of the world, especially the languages of the European nations, are of great importance for the Russian translations of the great thinker. As it is known, Magtymguly’s works were published in dozens of languages, including Mongolian, Vietnamese, Polish, French, English, and Chinese. Currently, among the activities dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the poet’s birth, works are being carried out to translate Magtymguly’s works into different languages, as well as to publish them in book form. As a result, the poet’s works have been published in Arabic and Uzbek languages until today. Translations in Spanish, Belarusian, Korean, Armenian and many more languages will be available to readers in the near future.

Regarding the history of translations of Magtymguly in Russian, the first attempt to render them in Russian belongs to F.A. Bakulin. In 1872, he published a literal translation of two of Magtymguly’s poems and an article entitled “Songs of the Turkmen and their poet Magtymguly” in “News of the Caucasus Department of the Russian Geographical Society”.

In the second half of the 20th century, the work of translating Magtymguly’s works into the Russian language and the languages of other nations became wider. Famous Russian poets who translated the poet’s works into Russian are G. Shengeli, A. Tarkovsky, S. Ivanov, M. Tarlovsky, Y. Gordiyenko, Y. Neuman, N. Grebnev, T. Spendiarova, V. Ganiyev, A. Krongauz, Y. Valich, A. Starostin, N. Lebedev, L. Penkovsky, T. Streshneva, A. Revich, S. Botvinnik, A. Zyrina and others took an active part.

Among them, one of the most famous translators of Magtymguly’s works into the Turkmen language, A.Tarkovsky, who won the State Prize of Turkmenistan named after Magtymguly for his translations in 1971, can be singled out. He managed to rekindle the inspiration of Magtymguly, which he saw in his translated poems, and considered “the days of translating the works of the great Turkmen poet as the most wonderful and happy moments of his life.”

Another translator of Magtymguly’s works is a well-known Turkish scholar, doctor of philology, professor S.N. Ivanov. He knew the Turkish languages well, so his translations are distinguished by their closeness to the original in terms of meaning and use of artistic means.

When these translators, whose mother tongue is Russian, translated Magtymguly’s works from the Turkmen language into the Russian language, they mainly had to use preliminary line-by-line translated materials. To some extent, this caused difficulties in achieving the equality of the content world of the original text with the translation, and as a result, the differences between the translated text and the original text increased. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the translation of individual works of Magtymguly into Russian was very successful with the dedication and talent of the mentioned translators.

The experience gained in the translation of Pyragy’s profoundly meaningful works into world languages shows that there are a number of urgent problems that require a solution in this field.

First of all, it is necessary to use effective methods and genres to fully reflect the poet’s worldview and national uniqueness in the translation. For this, one should follow the principle of translating the meanings of words in Turkmen language based on the vocabulary of Pyragy’s works, depending on each context.

The problem of rendering old and obsolete words in the works of Magtymguly in translation has a great impact on the content of his works being equal to the original in other languages. It is necessary to prepare and publish their own dictionary in the form of a booklet in order to make the methods of these words used in practice.

The translation of Pyragy’s poems tests the norms of poetic composition in other languages. There is a need to create a principled tradition in this regard in translations of the poet’s works in a specific foreign language.

Achieving perfection in the translation of the works of Magtymguly, the most prominent representative of Turkmen literature, into world languages will serve as the basis for translating our literary works into other languages.

The translation and dissemination of Magtymguly’s poems into world languages, firstly, informs about the great value of his scientific and philosophical ideas for the East and the West, and secondly, promotes the development of international cultural relations of Turkmenistan.