If a person fulfills his personal moral obligation in dignified way, it means that he has fulfilled his moral obligations perfectly “Morality” is one of the perfect personality skills a literate person. Specific manifestations of behavior (action or inactive) by an individual in human relations are called moral breeding or decency. Our wise ancestors said that the philosophy of “politeness” is the essence of the Turkmen principle: “From whom you learned politeness is the one who greets, the good of intimacy is the one who visits”, “The guarantee of happiness is to get used to polite thoughts, polite words and polite actions”, “The beginning of decency is good morals”,  “The best of decency is to respect your parents”, “Decency is a debt, morality is a kingdom”. It can be   clearly understand from the examples of such philosophies. Generally, “politeness” is the national moral model of the Turkmen people and the principle of Turkmenism.

A person’s moral upbringing or decency starts from family, from the breeding of parents. After a child was born, his first caregiver and most trusted advisor are his parents. The role of parents is the most important in child’s respectability and high morals, in the development of his world view, generally, in his growth as personality, and in his development as a personality, and in his development as a person useful to the society. Our Hero Arkadag also expresses his wise thoughts in his book “ Devotion to the mother – Devotion to Holiness”: Of course, the influence of society is very important for the growth of a person who contributes to the development of the society, an ideal person is the result of the parents’ model and education, and the realization of their sweetest dream for their child.”

In another wonderful book of our beloved Arkadag “Brave men are born for zeal”: “In Turkmen family, parents consider their first duty to raise their children.  It is first of all the parents’ duty to teach the child to speak, to act, and to write.” As it is said in the books of our national Leader, the moral character of every Turkmen person is formed from the family hearth, from the perfect example of parents and education. The prudent sentences of our Hero Arkadag, who respects the national traditions of our people from the most ancient times – five thousand years of glorious history, in the sacred patriarchal books, that parents teach their children three types of morals – speech, behavior, and writing are very attractive. The fact  that each of these three types of morality enforces a separate code of morality can be clearly seen in the example of the comments below. The conditions of the word upbringing are clear and high pitch. They are originated from the child’s intelligence an they are an indicator of his personal culture, dignity and politeness. To master the word is so great art. Speech is means by which people communicate with each other. If the relationship is good, it expresses the best of word upbringing and a good moral education in the child. Even if this relations are bad, it is a sign that speech is not well taught in the child. Behavior is inseparable linked with moral behavior from pure heart. The perfection is complete, and whole, when  the beauties of the action originate only from the beauty of the heart. When action leans on the decency of the heart, decency becomes a sure and definite spiritual value. The action is a great behavior that shows the moral culture of the literate personality. The heart is the place of faith, the place where truths grow. In the upbringing of the heart, intelligence and science are the means of determining the wisdom, secrets, and goals of creation and distinguishing good from evil, right from wrong, and good from evil.

Followers were highly respected among the people. Their name is honored and remembered in goodness. The great-grandson of our hero Arkadag, Anna’s old grandfather, Nepesaly Baiy’s cousin, Yazly Izchy, was also famous. In order to test Yazly’s follower, the young men of the village tied the four legs of a camel that died last year and went to the desert for a camel procession [1, 16-17 p.]. There is one condition that cannot be broken in order to play the track. Before she had her morning tea, it was time when he was in a good mood. As soon as the young men came and informed him, he took a bucket of water and went in search of the trail. Yazly’s tracker, who started tracking from the camel’s corral, notices the footprints at the foot of the sand. He whispers as if he is talking to them. His veins showed that he was forcing himself. He poured water from the well on the feet of the camel.”Guys, it’s been a year since your death,” begins the follower. He said that it was shiny and smelled of alcohol. It is said that when freshly pressed, water pressure is not absorbed, and even though its size is large, its weight is similar to that of an unmilked baby camel. He knew that he had not yet seen the camel facing the opposite direction by the pattern of its hind legs, and that one of the young men had attached his toe to his leg. He told the owner of the camel, “You don’t seem to have lost your cattle, but you are laughing.” No matter how much they begged, he didn’t accept their apologize. Afte that He left stalking  on his the village. But if people come from somewhere else, he didn’t refused and went to stalking. He helped who needs help.

The followers drew the correct conclusion from the situation. They still remember with gratitude the services rendered by Maily, who lived in Sakarchage district. The trackers were able to predict whether it was a man or a woman, whether the thief was a teenager, a young man or a middle-aged man. There is a story in the country about espionage: three companions went for a walk in the field. They had to tell him what they knew about a camel that passet along the path. The first one says that the camel’s left eye is blind, the second one says that the camel is walking with a little limp, the third one says that the camel has a wound on its back, and its tail is also on the hook. The companion who said that the camel’s left eye was blind, testified that it only grazed the grass on the right side, and that it was walking smoothly, and dragged the camel’s back. Later, when the herdsman sees the same camel in the flock, it turns out that all three weren’t wrong.

Even in the modern age of advanced science and technology, Turkmen art can surprise people.In the movie “A Smart Step,” the stalker’s pursuit of Artyk, who has kidnapped Aina, is masterfully depicted. This is a fact of life and there is no exaggeration. Not everyone is a follower. The followers were able to get away with the acts of robbers who tied their legs with straws or straws. Such followers were people whom many admired and called upon when needed. They left their footprints in the desert, on the glass wheels, and in the thick garbage without missing a beat. Because a follower doesn’t just look back. Whether it’s scratching the tip of the fire, peeing, or running around in the sand, the trailing cattle don’t miss a thing. It accepts the signs of the trail in its entirety. One of the disciples said that even when any living thing flies into the sky, it cannot leave without leaving a trace. A guest has come from a long way to someone’s house. He was bringing cattle. His goods are in the mind of his guest house. If they get up tomorrow, one of the creatures says no. The host reassured the guest that there were no thieves in his village and that even a drunkard would not set foot in these places. The house wife put tea for the guest and went out with a look at her husband’s face. When the guest and the host leave the house after having tea and soup, the housekeeper comes holding the lost animal by the ear. I took it back three or four kilometers away, and they said it must have run out. They heard that the owner’s wife was the daughter of a well-known follower. He followed the sheep. It seems that the ministry is passed down from generation to generation, from blood to blood. There were special followers in the foothill villages near the border.

When talking about scouting, there are several sources of information about the number of talented scouts among the Turkmen living in Western Turkmenistan. According to historical data, the Turkmen lived on the shores of the Caspian Sea for a long time and distinguished themselves as skilled hunters. In the 17th-19th centuries, they were mostly seen roaming around the Darja Peninsula, which is located in the south of the Garabogaz Bay of the Caspian Sea, and were engaged in animal husbandry and fishing.Historian Ata Jykiyev writes that all the men of this tribe, young and old, are skilled hunters in his historical ethnographic essay “The Turkmen coasts of the southeast of the Caspian Sea” [2, 34 p.]..

Records of some events related to followers from the Canaanite Turkmen of the past centuries have been preserved. In the 9th issue of 1928 of the “Turkmenovedeniye” magazine, the article “Izchy” by Nikolai Nikolayevich Khan Yomudsky, a prominent Turkmen scientist, researcher of the country, who worked as a reporter in the magazine in the last years of his life, was published. The article mentions the talent, memory, and enthusiasm of the Turkmen scouts, the work they have done to serve our people, and the fact that those people have mastered the art of scouting. The hunters were very devoted to desert animals. The fox was able to tell if it was a rabbit by looking at the rabbit’s foot. He was able to track the rabbit and capture it alive. He was able to determine whose son he was by looking at the feet of people and by seeing the feet of a child. Menglimammet, who lived at that time, had a higher ability in tracking and divination.

Shepherds are often not always with their flocks when tending sheep in the peninsula, but after letting the flocks go in a certain direction, they will be busy hunting. Once, two shepherds from one of the distant villages saw a herd of sheep grazing without a shepherd near the shore. Menglimammet saw their footprints. Two years later, he had to leave his job and go to that village. As he tries to moor his boat on the beach, he notices two familiar footprints among the footprints on the beach, and realizes that they are the footprints of the people who stole the two sheep. Following Meghlimammet’s footsteps, he finds the two men not far from the coast and demands that they return the sheep they stole two years ago. The two men at first denied his claim, saying that they were being slandered. But when the follower told them in detail when, on which day, at what time of the day it happened, in what position they held the goat, and who came back carrying what kind of goat. The two fraudulent friends agreed to pay back the price of the sheep they had taken, saying that they had been exposed.

In another case, Menglimammedi’s villagers, who could not find the stolen sheep in the village, said that they were late for four or five hours after seeing its footprints. Six months later, when he went to another village, he accidentally saw the heel of one of the residents there. It is said that he found out that he had stolen money from his village six months ago and left a trace, and told the man what happened to his face and took the money to the cattle owner. Until now, the influence of such people in the preservation of the art of spying among Turkmen people is great. Among the older generation, there are still quite a few who are able to understand his subtle charms [3, 53-57 p.].

The scouts were very friendly. True trackers can remember a footprint they have seen, and even after years have passed, they can recognize it and determine who it belongs to. Elders told that in some sand villages, there are trackers who can identify the camel’s identity just as they can recognize people by their faces and voices, by drawing patterns on the camel’s heel after it falls on the ground, and even talented trackers can identify the mother of a newly weaned camel from the footprints. The new footprints that have been left have some trace of their owner’s scent. Specially trained tracking animals found out exactly who it belonged to by smelling footprints. Hunting, one of the rare professions of our ancestors, greatly contributed to the life of the people and has been practiced for many centuries. In the time when there were still no technical means, followers had a great place in society. They have performed an important service in finding lost and stolen goods and generally in apprehending the chased. There were not many followers among the Turkmens, and they had great respect during the year.

Nowadays Dante is considered to be the father of the Italian language. At the time of Dante, Italy was a city-state country including various small authorities. This diversity later encouraged the formation of numerous dialects.  The Italian peninsula was dominated by two main languages: Latin and Vulgar, the language of the underclass people.  Only aristocratic or wealthy families were able to learn Latin.  Vulgar, a second language, was the language of the people of the middle and lower classes.  Although, there were many dialects in Italy, they all belonged to the vulgar language. Because Latin was the language of God and the Bible, the holy book.  Each province, city-state had its own dialect and, after the unification of Italy They all wanted their own dialects to be an official language.  Today, the official language of Italy is based on the Florentine dialect.  Dante Alighieri made a huge contribution to the Florentine dialect of the official language. And this event has its own reasons.  Because the author was the first to use the Florentine dialect, which is now considered the literary language of Italy, when he wrote his works.  After that, all the writers and poets adopted this language as a literary language and did a lot of work for the Italian language to reach these levels.

Dante’s first scientific work was devoted to the Vulgar language.  He called his scientific work „About the Vulgar Language” („De Vulgari”) and called people to make the vulgar language, not as the language of the middle and lower classes, their primary language.  Originally, the work „About the Vulgar Language” was supposed to consist of four books, but Dante managed to write just two of the books.  The poet begins in the first part of his book „About Vulgar Language” with such words:

„Vulgar is the first language among languages, because it is the first language used by the common people, and therefore people find benefits from it (in spite of the differences in pronunciation and lexis,). Compared to the artificiality of other languages,  there is naturalness in this language.”

According to Dante, literature should be written in a language understandable to the middle class, the majority of the population.  Therefore, he wrote the majority of his works in the vulgar form of the Florentine dialect.  His writing style in the Vulgar language changed many writers’ and scholars’ ideas about the language.  Among them, there were also are the Italian writer Boccaccio and the famous physicist Galileo Galilei.  Of course, there were those who opposed Dante’s views on language.  Among those opponents there was is Petrarch, who could rival Dante in popularity.  In one of his treatises, Petrarch blamed Dante for treason against ancient Rome and emphasized that literary works had to be written in Latin, which was the language of God (the „Bible” was written in Latin).

The critic Jafranco Contini, who paid special attention to Dante’s language skills, had the greatest respect for the poet’s use of metaphors and catchphrases in his masterpieces.

Dante’s literary heritage can be conditionally divided into three groups.  His first published book „The New Life” (1291) consisting of 30 stories that are connected to each other, Among the verses, there is a story written in the form of poem.  In this book, the poet describes his love for Beatrice, his dreams and his heart grief over the death of that woman.

Dante’s love for Beatrice gave the meaning to his life and he expresses his love for the woman in all his works.  The poet begins his creative path in the 1280s.  In 1292, he finished to write his book „The New Life”.  In this book he depicts his first love and makes his praise more effective with the help of songs, sonnets and commentaries.  This autobiography is written in the form of a prose composition and is considered the first psychological work in Europe. The work written in the Tuscan dialect after the death of Dante’s muse, Beatrice.  The book „The New Life” contains 42 composed, short chapters, 25 sonnets, 3 songs, 1 ballad, and 2 poem fragments.

Dante’s second collection of works called „The Wedding” (1307-1308 AD) describes scientific and philosophical themes.  According to its structure, this work, like the book „New Life”, was written in combination with sonnets and stories.  After Beatrice’s death, Dante tries to find solace by writing scientific and philosophical works.  Dante wrote these works in Italian and laid the foundations of the literary language of Italy.  Before the mostly, books were written in Latin.

Dante’s famous collection „The Banquet” consists of three songs: „If you want to understand me, move to the third heaven”, „Love is the reason of my thoughts” and „My sweet lines about love”.  This collection addresses the issues of language, philosophy, and ethics.  In the first chapter, the poet shows the importance of vulgar language.

It is important to note here that the collection should not be equated with the treatise De Vulgari.  Because if in the treatise „De Vulgari” only the issue of language is raised, in the collection „ The Banquet” just one part of masterpiece consists the ideas about language.  In the second part of the collection, some ideas about the philosophy of antiquity (Roman philosophy) are discussed and at the same time it answers the question „What should be the nobility of the Aristocrats?”  The third part is about modern (renaissance) philosophy, and the fourth book is about thinking about the relationship between nobility and character passing from generation to generation.

„On Monarchy” is a treatise written by Dante in 1312-1313.  This treatise consists of three parts and the work was written in Latin.  In the treatise, Dante tries to explain the emperor his power and right to rule was given by God, not by the Pope.  If in the „Divine Comedy” Dante expressed his political views through the allegory, then in the treatise the poet’s opposition to the Pope is clearly visible.

“A Question of the Water and of the Land” (Quaestio aqua et terra) is a scientific work written in 1320, which is now preserved in the Historical Museum of Milan. Though Dante wrote many scientific works during his lifetime, it is “A Question of the Water and of the Land”  that has been brought to this day. In this book, Dante gives the information about the rise of water, which made people worry at that time. He says that the water will not rise above sea level for a long time, and people should not panic. The collection „Letters” contains letters written by Dante to famous people. He quantity of the letters is 14 and they contain the letters written to the King Henry the VII, Kan Grandi and the Rome Pope, all the letters were written in latin.